Samplers
Recording the world as an instrument — pen and thesaurus
Related
The previous page's DX7 computed its sound — this page's instrument says: don't compute, record the world.
「Fairlight CMI……是世界上第一台数字采样合成器」.
⭐⭐ This page is the samplers — second of the digital-synth family. One line: record the world into an instrument.
| Class | Assignment |
|---|---|
| HS class | Electrophone(digital sample playback)· 8-bit origins · light pen + display |
| Origin | ⭐⭐ 1979, Sydney — Peter Vogel & Kim Ryrie's Fairlight company, an accidental pivot from the failed Qasar digital synth |
| Two numbers | ⭐⭐ $25,000(the aristocratic road) vs the Emulator's affordable road · the SP-1200 defined hip-hop |
| Bayin note | Outside the bayin — 「an instrument」 could now be anything you recorded |
⭐⭐ The main line: record the world into an instrument
「Fairlight CMI……是世界上第一台数字采样合成器」— 「最初的 CMI 创造时并没有明确它该用于哪种合成。在写加法合成应用失败后, Vogel 的团队决定实验用其它乐器的数字化采样作为起点。这成功了, CMI 以第一台实用采样器重生」.
⭐⭐ Against the site's unplanned inventions: the theremin from an alarm · the xun from a hunting tool · the TB-303 from failure — ⭐⭐ Fairlight's sampling was also a pivot after a plan failed. And this pivot widened the definition of 「instrument」: anything you recorded was one.
⭐⭐ Page R: the ancestor of every DAW
「它的 Page R 音序器,设定了今天大多数音序软件遵循的模式」; 「被制作人重度使用——把 CMI 装满鼓采样、有效地当作鼓机用」.
⭐⭐ Page 6 was the waveform drawing page(draw with a light pen)· Page 8 the sampling page · Page 9 the keyboard sequencer page — the very concept of 「Pages」 is the direct ancestor of today's DAWs.
⭐⭐ Against the site's 「first screens」: the Martenot's intensity key handed 「dynamics」 to the hand; Fairlight's light pen handed 「visible sound」 to it — before MIDI and the mouse, someone saw sound and changed it by hand for the first time.
⭐⭐ The light pen and the green phosphor screen
「即使是附带的绿磷光单色视频显示器,带着它的光笔界面,也成了那个时代音乐的图标」.
⭐⭐ The folk mirrors: 《绣花灯》 — embroidering waveforms on a screen with a light pen; 《逛灯》 — the lamp being strolled was the first screen that let you see sound.
⭐⭐ $25,000 aristocrats vs the Emulator's commoners
| ⭐ Fairlight CMI(1979) | ⭐ E-mu Emulator(1981) | |
|---|---|---|
| Price | about $25,000 | far more affordable |
| Origin | the pivot of a failed project(Qasar) | the rescue of a failed project(Audity, $70,000) |
| Users | Gabriel · Kate Bush · Trevor Horn · Wonder · Hancock | a much wider range of players |
| Character | aristocratic laboratory | sampling you could afford |
⭐⭐ The Emulator's name came from 「翻同义词词典」 — 「『Emulator』这个名字来自翻同义词词典的结果——与公司名完美匹配」— ⭐ the name of a billion-dollar industry, found in a thesaurus.
⭐⭐ Against the polysynth page: E-mu's Dave Rossum — collaborator on the Oberheim Poly and the Prophet-5 — became Fairlight's rival in the sampling era. The same hidden river, a third time.
⭐⭐ Trevor Horn: 「the man who invented the eighties」
「Horn,被认为『发明了八十年代的人』,第一次在他项目 The Buggles 的第二张专辑 Adventures in Modern Recording 上使用他著名的采样技法」; 「这些采样技法后来用于 Horn 制作的唱片:Grace Jones 的 Slave to the Rhythm · Art of Noise 的 The Seduction of Claude Debussy · Frankie Goes To Hollywood 的 Welcome to the Pleasuredome」.
⭐⭐ One instrument + one producer's techniques = the pop sound of a decade. (⭐ against Dave Smith 「发明了现代合成器,不止一次」 — Horn was the inventor by usage.)
⭐⭐ The SP-1200: 12-bit grit as the sound of hip-hop
「E-mu SP-1200(1987)曾是且仍是 hip-hop 制作中最受推崇的采样器之一。它的 12-bit 采样引擎给乐器一种可取的温暖、给鼓一种砂砾感」.
⭐⭐ Against the site's third recording: the Hammond key click · guitar feedback · the Minimoog's drift · the 960's drift — this time 「low resolution」 itself became a genre's voice: hip-hop's sound archaeology begins at 12-bit.
⭐⭐ Fairlight's bankruptcy: the end of the aristocratic road
「1985 年,市面上的其它采样器在价格点上打压 CMI」; 「CMI 的处理架构对采样这件事其实不够高效,E-mu Emulator 与 Ensoniq Mirage 等键盘以零头价格做基本采样」; 「原 Fairlight 公司 1986 年破产」.
⭐⭐ Against the Prophet-5's company history(bankruptcy → buyback)and Moog(selling the company)— the pioneer's fate is often to watch their invention become affordable.
Recap: three sentences on the samplers
| Q | A |
|---|---|
| ⭐ The key point | ⭐⭐ record the world into an instrument — 「世界上第一台数字采样合成器」; the sampling origin was an accident after additive synthesis failed |
| ⭐⭐ Page R | ⭐⭐ 「设定了今天大多数音序软件遵循的模式」 — the ancestor of every DAW; Page 6 light-pen waveforms · Page 8 sampling · Page 9 sequencing |
| ⭐⭐ Light pen & green screen | ⭐⭐ 「连绿磷光单色显示器都成了那个时代音乐的图标」 — the first time you could see sound and change it by hand(the folk mirrors《绣花灯》《逛灯》) |
| ⭐⭐ Two price roads | Fairlight $25,000(aristocratic laboratory) vs the Emulator affordable(sampling you could afford); ⭐ the Emulator's name came from a thesaurus; ⭐⭐ E-mu's third front(Rossum: Poly/Prophet collaborator + Emulator rival) |
| ⭐⭐ Trevor Horn | ⭐⭐ 「发明八十年代的人」 — sampling techniques flowed from the Buggles album into Grace Jones · Art of Noise · Frankie(the inventor by usage) |
| ⭐⭐ SP-1200 | the 12-bit engine gave hip-hop 「可取的温暖 + 砂砾感」 — low resolution became a genre's voice |
| ⭐⭐ Decline | Fairlight bankrupt 1986 — 「其它采样器以零头价格做基本采样」; ⭐ the pioneer watching their invention become affordable |
| ⭐ Lineage | Synclavier(1978)· Fairlight(1979)· Emulator(1981)· Emulator II(1984)· SP-1200(1987) |
| HS | Electrophone(digital sample playback) |
Before the sampler, an instrument was something you built; after it, an instrument was something you recorded.
⭐⭐ The world's sounds became collectable into a keyboard for the first time —
from Fairlight's light pen to the SP-1200's grit, sampling became music's next grammar.
采样器属电鸣乐器(数字采样回放)。Fairlight CMI:双六八度键盘 + 字母键盘 + 光笔屏;8-bit/24 kHz 起家(Series III 达 16-bit/44.1 kHz CD 质量);8 音复音。E-mu Emulator:四/八音复音、27.7 kHz、128 kB RAM;SP-1200:12-bit 采样引擎(hip-hop 的砂砾感来源)。采样器音域理论上覆盖采样内容的全部音高(回放变速变调),实用演奏区以 C1–C8 示意。记谱即实音。
Listen in the library
All tracks from midicn-lib — inline badge is the license tier (C1 commercial / C2 non-commercial / C3 study only).
Sources
- ⭐⭐ 主线:把世界录下来当乐器(本页最该记住的一条) —— 「Fairlight CMI(Computer Musical Instrument,1979)是世界上第一台数字采样合成器」;⭐⭐ 而它的采样出身是一次「意外」:「最初的 CMI 创造时并没有明确它该用于哪种合成。在写加法合成应用失败后,Vogel 的团队决定实验用其它乐器的数字化采样作为起点。这成功了,CMI 以第一台实用采样器重生」——⭐⭐ 对照 TB-303(玩错成流派)与 tape-music(磁带的意外):采样的诞生也是一次「计划外」
- ⭐⭐ Page R:DAW 的祖先 —— 「它的 Page R 音序器,设定了今天大多数音序软件遵循的模式」;「被制作人重度使用——把 CMI 装满鼓采样、有效地当作鼓机用」;⭐⭐ Page 6 是波形绘制页(光笔直接画)· Page 8 是声音采样页 · Page 9 是键盘音序页——「Pages」这个概念本身就是今天 DAW 的直接祖先
- ⭐⭐ 光笔与绿磷光屏(时代的图标) —— 「即使是附带的绿磷光单色视频显示器,带着它的光笔界面,也成了那个时代音乐的图标」;「一个可通过此显示器使用的功能是 Page R 音序器」依专题类资料——⭐ 在 MIDI 与鼠标之前,「看见声音并用手改它」的第一次
- ⭐⭐ 价格与人群($25,000 的贵族) —— 「零售约 US$25,000」;「早期采用者包括 Peter Gabriel · Geoff Downes · 实验乐队 Art of Noise」;「在英国:Peter Gabriel · Kate Bush · Trevor Horn · BBC Radiophonic Workshop · Thomas Dolby · Pet Shop Boys · Art of Noise 购买了这台昂贵的乐器」;「美国:Stevie Wonder 与 Herbie Hancock」;⭐⭐ 「Fairlight CMI 在英国、德国、日本卖得好,但在美国不行——显然因为美国的幅员让销售与支持困难」
- ⭐⭐ Trevor Horn:「发明八十年代的人」 —— 「Horn,被认为『发明了八十年代的人』,第一次在他项目 The Buggles 的第二张专辑 Adventures in Modern Recording 上使用他著名的采样技法」;「这些采样技法后来用于 Horn 制作的唱片:Grace Jones 的 Slave to the Rhythm · Art of Noise 的 The Seduction of Claude Debussy · Frankie Goes To Hollywood 的 Welcome to the Pleasuredome」依专题类资料
- ⭐⭐ E-mu Emulator(1981):平价对手与公司救星 —— 「E-mu Emulator(1981)是 E-mu Systems 对采样的初次尝试,在 Audity 完全失败($70,000 标价)后把公司从财务灾难中拯救出来」;⭐⭐ 「『Emulator』这个名字来自翻同义词词典的结果——与公司名完美匹配」;「2、4、8 音复音版本(2 音版因兴趣有限被砍)· 最高采样率 27.7 kHz · 四八度键盘 · 128 kB 内存」——⭐⭐ 对照 Fairlight 的 $25,000:Emulator 是「能买得起的采样」——民主化路线 vs 贵族路线(⭐ E-mu 正是 polysynth 条里「Oberheim Poly 与 Prophet-5 都与之合作」的那家——Dave Rossum 的第三条战线)
- ⭐⭐ SP-1200 与 hip-hop(12-bit 的砂砾) —— 「E-mu SP-1200(1987)曾是且仍是 hip-hop 制作中最受推崇的采样器之一。它的 12-bit 采样引擎给乐器一种可取的温暖、给鼓一种砂砾感(gritty punch)」——⭐⭐ 对照 Minimoog 漂移与 TB-303 的咕噜:「低精度」又一次成了「味道」——hip-hop 的声音考古学从 12-bit 开始
- ⭐⭐ Fairlight 的衰落(1986 破产) —— 「1985 年,市面上的其它采样器在价格点上打压 CMI」;「CMI 的处理架构对采样这件事其实不够高效,E-mu Emulator 与 Ensoniq Mirage 等键盘以零头价格做基本采样」;「原 Fairlight 公司 1986 年破产」;⭐ Vogel 转做影视设备(Fairlight ESP 至今仍在)——2009 年又spin off 新 Fairlight Instruments 尝试新版 CMI依专题类资料
- ⭐⭐ 谱系速览 —— Synclavier(1978 · New England Digital · ABLE 16-bit 电脑 + 加法/FM):与 Fairlight 并列的采样先驱;Emulator II(1984):「设计为填补 Fairlight CMI 与 Synclavier 和 Ensoniq Mirage 之间的空隙——8 音复音 · 8-bit · 512kB RAM · 8 轨音序器 · 模拟滤波」;Emulator III(1987):16-bit 立体声 · 16 音 · 40 MB 硬盘;Emax(1985–95):「瞄准市场低端」依专题类资料
- 「采样器属电鸣(Electrophone · 数字采样回放)」依 Hornbostel–Sachs 分类
Used for fact-checking only; all prose is original.