The TR-909
Two media in one box — the office after hours recorded techno's heartbeat
Related
The previous page's 808 was 「pure analog, forced」 — this page's 909 is 「hybrid, chosen」.
「909 是第一台使用采样的 Roland 鼓机——crash、ride 与 hi-hat 用采样;其它声音用模拟合成」.
⭐⭐ This page is the TR-909 — second of the drum-machine family. One line: two media in one box.
| Class | Assignment |
|---|---|
| HS class | Electrophone(analog drum voices + 6-bit digital samples — hybrid)· 11 percussion voices |
| Origin | ⭐⭐ 1983, Roland(designed by Kikumoto; Muroi chief engineer; Hoshiai software; Ou voice circuits)— the same designer as the TB-303 |
| Two numbers | ⭐⭐ 10,000 units(discontinued after one year) · the 909 kick = the most sampled drum sound in music history |
| Bayin note | Outside the bayin — the drum that is half circuit, half recording |
⭐⭐ The main line: two media in one box
「909 是第一台使用采样的 Roland 鼓机——crash、ride 与 hi-hat 用采样;其它声音(kick、snare、toms、clap)用模拟合成」; 「据一位 Roland 代表说,工程师们觉得采样有一些缺点,因此选择了采样与模拟声音的组合」.
⭐⭐ Against the 808(pure analog, forced)and the 909(hybrid, chosen): digital cymbals riding an analog kick — hybrid stopped being a compromise and became a genre. (techno's heartbeat is analog; techno's sparkle is 6-bit — neither medium could be spared.)
⭐⭐ Hoshiai's sampling story: the office after hours was the first sampling booth
「Hoshiai 录自己的鼓套件做镲片——用一对不匹配的 Paiste 与 Zildjian hi-hat 镲做 hi-hat,Paiste crash 做 crash 与 ride」; ⭐⭐ 「镲片是在 Roland 办公室录的——在员工下班之后——为了自然混响」; 「他以 6-bit 采样,在运行 CP/M-80 操作系统的电脑上编辑波形—— 没有加 EQ 也没有压缩」.
⭐⭐ Against the Fairlight's light pen(sampling by drawing)— the 909's sampling was the primitive school: played by himself, recorded after hours, untouched. ⭐⭐ 《打一锤来喊一声》: strike once, record once — that is how techno's heartbeat was captured. 「Mismatched cymbals」+「after-hours reverb」+「no EQ」 — the sparkle of techno is the sum of three compromises.
⭐⭐ Commercial failure(one year)
「909 是商业失败——用户更喜欢 LinnDrum 等竞品更真实的声音」; 「Roland 一年后停产,共造 10,000 台」.
⭐⭐ After the 808's name caught fire, the 909 was born into an era that trusted only sampling — its analog kick became the evidence of 「unrealistic」. ⭐⭐ And that very kick later became techno's heartbeat — the verdict of 「unrealistic」 was burned by the dancefloor.
⭐⭐ Detroit/Chicago's second-hand kids(the third mirror)
「1980 年代末,909 被芝加哥与底特律的制作人推红—— Derrick May · Frankie Knuckles · Jeff Mills——买了二手机」.
⭐⭐ 808 → 303 → 909: Roland's 「triple failure」 was picked up entirely by the same crowd of second-hand kids — the rhythmic foundations of techno, house and acid are all Roland's failures. ⭐⭐ Against the TB-303/808 pages: this is not coincidence but an ecology of 「cheap creation」 — the bankrupt company's warehouse was the avant-garde's instrument shop.
⭐⭐ The unintended use as MIDI hub(Roland did not anticipate it)
「作为第一台带 MIDI 的 Roland 鼓机,制作人用 909 作为 hub 来同步与音序其它机器—— Roland 没有预想过这种用法」; ⭐ 「因此 Roland 公司也被归功于 MIDI 技术的发明」.
⭐⭐ Against the midi-controller page: the first large-scale 「hub」 use of MIDI happened on a drum machine — the drum machine was not just 「the thing that plays drums」; it was the command desk of the 1983–85 studio. (⭐ Against eurorack's 「anything feeds anything」: the 909's hub was that idea in commercial form.)
⭐⭐ Sound: punchy versus booming
「808 以 booming 著称,909 听起来 aggressive and punchy」; 「clap 与 snare 经同一噪声源生成——同时演奏时产生 phasing effect」; 「可调的 shuffle/swing timing 给电子 pattern 加了人的感觉—— house 与 techno groove 的基础」.
⭐⭐ 「Shuffle」 was the first drum machine to turn 「human timing」 into a knob — against the sequencer page's shuffle(Korg SQ)— machine precision + a little 「inaccuracy」 = groove.
⭐⭐ 「The most sampled drum sound in history」
「909 kick arguably 是音乐史上被采样最多的鼓声」; 「First known commercial use:Skinny Puppy 的专辑 Remission(发行于 909 上市数月后)」; 「Björk 用它造 Hunter(1997)里的 militaristic 打击」.
⭐⭐ A failed machine produced the most-sampled single 「drum hit」 — its 「death」(one-year production)was the beginning of its endless replication.
Recap: three sentences on the TR-909
| Q | A |
|---|---|
| ⭐ The key point | ⭐⭐ two media in one box — 「第一台用采样的 Roland 鼓机(crash/ride/hi-hat),其它声音模拟合成」; hybrid stopped being a compromise and became a genre |
| ⭐⭐ Hoshiai's sampling | ⭐⭐ 「下班后的 Roland 办公室」录镲片 — mismatched Paiste+Zildjian · 6-bit · CP/M-80 · no EQ — the sparkle of techno is three compromises summed(the folk mirror《打一锤来喊一声》) |
| ⭐⭐ Commercial failure | one year · 10,000 units — 「用户更喜欢 LinnDrum 更真实的声音」 — ⭐⭐ the verdict of 「unrealistic」 was burned by the dancefloor(that analog kick became techno's heartbeat) |
| ⭐⭐ Second-hand kids | Derrick May · Frankie Knuckles · Jeff Mills — ⭐⭐ Roland's triple failure(808/303/909)picked up entirely by the same crowd — techno/house/acid built on failures |
| ⭐⭐ MIDI hub | 「制作人用 909 做 hub——Roland 没有预想过」 — ⭐ the first large-scale hub use of MIDI, on a drum machine |
| ⭐⭐ Punchy | 「808 booming vs 909 punchy」; clap+snare on one noise source → phasing; ⭐ shuffle/swing = human timing as a knob |
| ⭐⭐ Most sampled | 「909 kick arguably 是音乐史上被采样最多的鼓声」 — discontinued = the beginning of endless replication |
| ⭐ Easter eggs | 909 Day(September 9)· TR-09 reissue(2017)· second-hand $2,500–4,000 · DIN sync(MIDI's forerunner) |
| HS | Electrophone(analog + 6-bit sampling hybrid) |
The 808's stick struck an out-of-spec transistor; the 909's cymbals were recorded in the office after hours.
⭐⭐ One used 「off-spec components」, the other 「mismatched cymbals」 —
the entire rhythmic architecture of techno and house stands on Roland's two compromises.
TR-909 属电鸣乐器(模拟鼓声 + 6-bit 数字采样的 hybrid)。11 部同时发声(kick/snare/toms/rimshot/clap 模拟;crash/ride/hi-hat 6-bit 采样);kick/snare 有 tuning 与 decay 控制;shuffle/flam 可调。打击乐器无固定音高记谱——kick 的可调区约 C1–C2,其余声部为参数区间。hybrid 介质:数字的铙钹骑在模拟的 kick 上。
Listen in the library
All tracks from midicn-lib — inline badge is the license tier (C1 commercial / C2 non-commercial / C3 study only).
Sources
- ⭐⭐ 主线:一个箱子里的两种介质(本页最该记住的一条) —— 「909 是第一台使用采样的 Roland 鼓机——crash、ride 与 hi-hat 用采样;其它声音用模拟合成」;「据一位 Roland 代表说,工程师们觉得采样有一些缺点,因此选择了采样与模拟声音的组合」→ ⭐⭐ 对照 808(纯模拟·被迫)与 909(hybrid·选择):「一个箱子里的两种介质——数字的铙钹骑在模拟的 kick 上——hybrid 从此不是妥协,是流派」
- ⭐⭐ Hoshiai 的采样故事(下班后的办公室=第一间采样棚) —— 「软件由 Atsushi Hoshiai 开发……Hoshiai 录自己的鼓套件做镲片——用一对不匹配的 Paiste 与 Zildjian hi-hat 镲做 hi-hat,Paiste crash 做 crash 与 ride」;⭐⭐ 「镲片是在 Roland 办公室录的——在员工下班之后——为了自然混响」;「他以 6-bit 采样,在运行 CP/M-80 操作系统的电脑上编辑波形——没有加 EQ 也没有压缩」——⭐⭐ 对照 samplers 条的 Fairlight 光笔(画出来的采样)——909 的采样是「下班后自己打、自己录、不修不补」的原始派
- ⭐⭐ 商业失败(一年停产) —— 「909 是商业失败——用户更喜欢 LinnDrum 等竞品更真实的声音」;「Roland 一年后停产,共造 10,000 台」——「808 的名字火了之后,909 生在了一个只信采样的年代——它身上的模拟 kick 成了『不真实』的证据(⭐ 而正是这颗 kick 后来成了 techno 的心跳)
- ⭐⭐ Detroit/Chicago 的二手少年(同构第三次) —— 「1980 年代末,909 被芝加哥与底特律的制作人推红——Derrick May · Frankie Knuckles · Jeff Mills——买了二手机」——⭐⭐ 808→303→909:Roland 的「失败三连」被同一批二手少年全部捡走——「techno、house 与 acid 的节奏基础」全部是 Roland 的失败品
- ⭐⭐ 作为 MIDI hub 的意外用法(Roland 没预想过) —— 「作为第一台带 MIDI 的 Roland 鼓机,制作人用 909 作为 hub 来同步与音序其它机器——Roland 没有预想过这种用法」;⭐ 「因此 Roland 公司也被归功于 MIDI 技术的发明」——⭐⭐ 对照 midi-controller 条:MIDI 的第一次大规模「枢纽」用法,发生在一台鼓机上(⭐ 对照 eurorack 的「任何模块喂任何模块」:909 的 hub 是它的商业形态)
- ⭐⭐ 声音:punchy 对 booming —— 「808 以 booming 著称,909 听起来 aggressive and punchy」;「clap 与 snare 经同一噪声源生成——同时演奏时产生 phasing effect」;「可调的 shuffle/swing timing 给电子 pattern 加了人的感觉——house 与 techno groove 的基础」——⭐ 「shuffle(摇摆)」是第一台把「人性节奏」做成旋钮的鼓机
- ⭐⭐ 「史上被采样最多的鼓声」 —— 「909 kick arguably 是音乐史上被采样最多的鼓声」;「First known commercial use:Skinny Puppy 的专辑 Remission(发行于 909 上市数月后)」;「Björk 用它造 Hunter(1997)里的 militaristic 打击」
- ⭐ 彩蛋三则 —— 「909 Day:9 月 9 日(对照 808 Day 的 8 月 11 日)」;「TR-09 复刻(2017 · $350)」;「二手 $2,500–4,000」;「DIN sync 接口——MIDI 的前身(对照 Juno-60 的 DCB)」
- 「TR-909 属电鸣(Electrophone · 模拟鼓声 + 6-bit 数字采样的 hybrid)」依 Hornbostel–Sachs 分类
Used for fact-checking only; all prose is original.